To answer your last question, on your operating system there is something called “PATH”. It is a user- or systemwide variable that dictates where to look for programs. It basically is a list of directories, often separated by “:”
Further reading: https://www.java.com/en/download/help/path.html (this may have Java references but still applies)
The GP here appears to be on Windows, given their reference to PowerShell. And on Windows, the path separator is ";", not ":".
One of the things I've noticed is that people trying to help the true beginners vastly overestimate their skill level, and when you get a couple of people all trying to help, each of them is making a completely different set of suggestions which doesn't end up helpful at all. Recently, I was helping somebody who was struggling with trying to compile and link against a C++ library on Windows, and the second person to suggest something went full-bore down the "just install and use a Linux VM cause I don't have time to help you do anything on Windows."
Is that intended to be a good example? There's still tons of duplication between the environments.
Kustomize eliminates the vast majority of the duplication (i.e. a unique fact about the cluster being expressed in more than one place), it's just the boilerplate that's annoying.
Not a good one, no. I am currently in the process of rewriting this, so that I eliminate duplicate code. The language has the potential, I am still in the process of learning. I also dislike boilerplate, but I think my example is still better than pure yaml.