Yes, the mechanism is effectively EAR/FDPR and you can check (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet_lithograph...) for more detailed history, but the EUV technology ASML further developed and commercialized (no small feat) was licensed from a US Govt created consortium by which the government maintains their IP rights.
In the US, professional certifications (PE, Bar, USMLE, CPA) exist to partially solve this problem when the certification is required to perform work legally. These are typically required in industries where lives and livelihoods of individuals and the public are at risk based on the decisions of the professional.
Joining in with some other comments on this thread, if the stamp of a certified person was required to submit/sign apps with more than 10K or 100K users and came with personal risk and potential loss of licensure, I imagine things would change quickly.
I'm personally not for introducing more gatekeeping and control over software distribution (Apple/Google already have too much power). Also not sure how you'd make it work in an international context, but would be simple to implement for US based companies if Apple/Google wanted to tackle the problem.
I think the broader issue is that we as a society don't see data exposure or bad development practices as real harm. However, exposing the addresses and personal info of people talking about potentially violent, aggressive or unsafe people seems very dangerous.
The charitable reading is that this was done as a blinded study, so the testers/researchers would not know and would prevent bias in the testing and data analysis.
There should be a way to unblind in most experiment designs though
Typically payments in the foreign currency are pegged to exchange rates, in which case you’re still paying the same amount of “value” whether in pesos or dollars.
Regardless you’d be subject to Section 988 and could potentially owe capital gains (or ordinary income) tax if you had a large enough gain from buying, holding and then exchanging the foreign currency.
The US code treats all non-USD currency as property, so you can (mostly) think of it as any other transaction with an exchange between assets. There are some nuances and exceptions of course.
> In compliance with the Montreal Protocol, its manufacture was banned in developed countries (non-article 5 countries) in 1996, and in developing countries (Article 5 countries) in 2010 out of concerns about its damaging effect on the ozone layer.
The sentence immediately after the quoted section provides additional nuance, reading as follows:
> Its only allowed usage is as a fire retardant in submarines and aircraft.
There is no reason to continue the use of R-12 in inhalers when R-134a is a drop-in replacement, though you're welcome to do your own research if you still disagree with the legislation.
> There is no reason to continue the use of R-12 in inhalers when R-134a is a drop-in replacement, though you're welcome to do your own research if you still disagree with the legislation.
I disagree with that statement. As mentioned above if it causes the drug companies to be able to re-patent the same drug again at 20x the price, then it’s not a drop-in replacement.
If this is a propellant used in life-saving medicine and this regulation increased the price then it’s a bad regulation, period. If there’s already an exception to be used as a fire retardant then medical applications can be included in there as well. The immeasurable output from an inhaler isn’t going to damage the ozone layer.
Over time you can migrate the production to the newer chemical and still achieve the same effect without hiking the price, since the drug companies won’t charge 20x the price if the cheaper generic still exists.
Politicians unfortunately do this all the time where they create a regulation without going through an analysis of tangentially related cause and effect.
You’re correct that the patent should’ve never been awarded, but the regulation still caused a problem today - something that could’ve been avoided if a cause-effect analysis was done. This is a problem statement that is applicable to most regulation today.
That’s why you an analyze cause and effect. You should target the highest driving factor and ban that, not blanket ban and catch things in the crossfire that don’t make a statistical difference to what you’re trying to improve - that way you don’t cause ill effects elsewhere.
If the only remaining allowed use for R-12 is in inhalers, the manufacturing volume might be so low that you end up in a similar situation to today: Fewer manufacturers (likely just one), higher prices, and supply-chain issues.
> Several inhaler manufacturers formed the International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium, a lobbying group dedicated to, among other goals, persuading lawmakers and regulators to ban inhalers with CFCs. The group spent hundreds of
thousands of dollars, and in 2005, the FDA ruled that CFC inhalers would be phased out beginning in 2009. As a result of the ban, newer albuterol products — including Proventil HFA (which was approved in 1996), Ventolin HFA (approved in 2001), and ProAir HFA (approved in 2004) — would be free from competition from inexpensive CFC-containing generics. HFA inhalers were protected by new patents on both the HFA propellants and the devices themselves, and they generally cost much more than generic CFC inhalers.
"Product Hopping in the Drug Industry - Lessons from Albuterol"
Well, patents are only supposed to be granted if an idea is non-obvious to someone skilled in the field. Replacing an illegal propellant with a legal one should be obvious to anyone in the field, so this patent deserves to be challenged.
and while we're at it, maybe punish the ones who granted it? perhaps even make the people who did it, and anyone who knew of it, and didnt try combat it PERSONALLY liable for it?
You can read about it in the wikipedia page [0]. This refrigerant isn't manufactured anywhere anymore because it was creating a hole in the ozone layer.
The first I know about is the montreal protocol for the ozone. Countries (all 19X of them) agreed banned CFCs and pharmaceutical products weren't excluded.
It is true, which implies your understanding of the situation is confused. I dislike bigPharma as well, but I at least point the blame canon at the right target and not just indiscriminately point it at the person I dislike the most in the fight.
It seems that many of the cities that invested in those ideas had improvements.
However, compared to 2021, 18 metros observed an increase in walking activity in 2022, with California metros dominating nine out of the top ten spots. New York City ranked 10th
I was also skeptical, seems there’s a lot more to this story. Not that they didn’t disappear and reappear, but the spread of them isn’t as straightforward as we thought.
That's basically the same claim. This is saying "the europeans brought them, and they spread around faster than we thought". Which is interesting and fine, but that's a far cry from the above claim of "actually, that ten thousand year period where they appeared to be extinct never happened and they were around the whole time".
This is likely an indication of their internal targets for ARPU over the next months as they start aggressively monetizing and push to IPO.
For reference, approximate global ARPU if converted to monthly for other social networks in 2022: Pinterest: ~$0.5, Snap: ~$1, Twitter: ~$1.6, FB: ~$3.3
This says the IPO roadshow will say Reddit has potential somewhere between Twitter and Facebook, which feels like the right sales pitch to me.
DisplayLink still does not fully support 4K hiDPI displays correctly.
Beta support is there in DisplayLink software on macOS for scaled 4K displays, but it does not provide full colour bit depth. The colours are washed out and the display lacks contrast.
So yes, Display Link works, but it’s not a solution for anyone wanting a Retina experience.
I’d be pleased for someone to tell me in wrong and show me how it can be done!
