There is a lot in this comment I agree with, however I think may universities have backed themselves into a corner with the degree of tuition inflation that has taken place over the last 20+ years.
I graduated from a SUNY school in 2012. At the time, you could still actually go to school and work part time and get through it. Not saying it was easy by any stretch but it was possible. Tuition + living expenses were about $17/year on campus , less expensive housing was available off campus.
Now, even state schools have tuition which is only affordable through family wealth or loans. Going to university is no longer a low stakes choice - if you flunk you’re stuck with that debt forever. Not to say students aren’t responsible for understanding that when signing up, but the stakes are just a lot higher than what it used to be.
Interesting but how would this prevent against “off-chain” collusion? A fraudulent seller captures brokers on the buy and sell side? Seller backs out of the deal unless they know who the brokers are?
I think this kind of behavior in principle would be detectable but in principle with enough concentration in the market, a fraudulent seller could in practice get brokers and jurors to collude with them.
Once a trade has been initiated, sellers won't be able to back out. The seller has no control over the pseudo-random broker selection for their trade, hence can't choose a preferred broker either.
A few points based on comments I’m seeing about the article.
This method of ultrasound treatment is called histotripsy. The underlying mechanism it uses to treat tumors is by focused ultrasound beams that mechanically disrupt cell membranes . It basically turns the lesion into soup. It does not treat the lesion by heating, although there are other techniques that do use ultrasound to ablate tissue with thermal energy.
Where I have seen it used and discussed is in the liver, whether that be metastatic disease to the liver or primary liver tumors.
One challenge is that in the liver you can’t use it for lesions that are near the capsule of the liver. It can also be difficult to keep the ultrasound beam focused on the lesion with respiration, especially if the tumor is small.
It’s an interesting technique and I think more people will use it over time. Whether it will be better than other established techniques like microwave ablation or radioembolization (for liver tumors) remains to be seen. I’m an interventional radiologist.
My view is much more in line with yours and this interpretation.
Another point - I think many people (including other clinicians) have a sense that radiology is a practice of clear cut findings and descriptions, when in practice it’s anything but.
At another level beyond the imaging appearance and clinical interpretation is the fact that our reports are also interpreted at a professional and “political” level.
I can imagine a busy neurosurgeon running a good practice calling the hospital CEO to discuss unforgiving interpretations of post op scans from the AI bot……
> I can imagine a busy neurosurgeon running a good practice calling the hospital CEO to discuss unforgiving interpretations of post op scans from the AI bot……
I have fielded these phone calls, lol, and would absolutely love to see ChatGPT handle this.
I am an interventional radiologist. I’ve done procedures to embolize the prostate (helps shrink it), and gonadal vein embolization (for varices).
The gonadal veins are in a different vascular territory from the prostate. The prostates vascular territory is the anterior division of the internal iliac. The gonadal veins arise directly from the inferior vena cava.
I had not come across this research before it’s interesting because as mentioned above, these organs are in different vascular territories but when venous structures begin to reflux the blood may find other collateral routes through other territories.
I skeptical that this works, but it is really interesting.
I'm share some skepticism. While I agree with their belief that prostates suffer from unappreciated "mechanical" issues, I'm less convinced of their method of resolution.
For my own worthless anecdote, I've noted that my (usually post-orgasm) prostate pain was significantly improved when I started taking Losartan - a anti-hypertension medication (angiotension II blocker (ARB)). The day after I started taking it, I could feel my prostate like never before (then that initial sensation went away), so there was very clearly an associative mechanism of action.
Now in my fifth year of residency after finishing medical school, the effects of sleep debt are astounding. It’s difficult to describe how much better I feel and energetic I am when I have at least 3-4 days off work and get several consecutive nights of adequate sleep .
I graduated from a SUNY school in 2012. At the time, you could still actually go to school and work part time and get through it. Not saying it was easy by any stretch but it was possible. Tuition + living expenses were about $17/year on campus , less expensive housing was available off campus.
Now, even state schools have tuition which is only affordable through family wealth or loans. Going to university is no longer a low stakes choice - if you flunk you’re stuck with that debt forever. Not to say students aren’t responsible for understanding that when signing up, but the stakes are just a lot higher than what it used to be.