I'm absolutely no expert on this, but I think your provider would usually filter this spoofing attempt out, just like with IP spoofing. But if you're in the right spot in the network (e.g. your provider doesn't check for spoofing or you're your own "provider") you can do whatever you want.

Another problem with Android could be that the operating system might not have enough control over the SIM-Card/Modem to spoof phone numbers.

I have heard about people using some services to send/call from spoofed numbers though

Hushsms is one, but requires Xposed Framework.

Does that let you spoof sender address on any phone? I was under the impression that you had to create an account with a SIP provide to do that.

(Btw a Google search for "Hushsms" results in shady/cancerous app stores that all seem to mirror each other. Where is the official website/thread?)