Hans has admitted to cheating in tournaments for money. Money is surely the line between professional and amateur. As for forgiving young people, we should codify that if we are serious about that. For example, we might have a 3-strikes rule that allows all young people to cheat at least 3 times before they are given an adult punishment, and we might also desire the ability to seal prior history.

I wasn’t aware of the cheating for money. Do have a source?

As for codification, criminal leniency for juveniles, which is widespread, gets you pretty close.

For chess to have its own codifications, I think, as Magnus clearly does too, that they need to generally up their game across the board. All the way from detection, investigation, protocols/procedures around suspicions, accusations and hearings/tribunals … and then the penalties can be codified.

I don’t know what’s in place now and what its history is, but Magnus is either chucking a massive rage-quit for losing or telling the chess world they need to get serious and catch up quick vc (or why not both I suppose).

If I was in charge with coming up with the punishment scheme, I would base it on level instead of age.

For NM and above, one time caught should get you banned for life

Protecting the game is far far far more important than protecting the individuals

For NM and below, I guess one warning would be ok. But nothing more than that.