It really is, that’s why the basic mathematical principled discovered in India, Mesopotamia and Greece have spread and been further developed throughout the world. Because they work just as well everywhere. The Maya discovered the natural numbers and zero, did arithmetic and performed calendrical and astronomical calculations. China developed their numerical system independently, calculated Pi, performed division, root extraction and linear algebra and many original techniques. The forms of expression and some techniques were unique but maths is maths.
I'm saying that beings developing "basic math" isn't even a given on this planet.
All of your examples come from societies where not being able to count and record with perfect precision meant that you were going to be screwed by people who could at the market. They're also no strangers to conflict, and math wins battles. They share characteristics because they had similar pressures and desires.
Imagine a thriving group of people who only use the numbers "one", "two", and "many". What sort of environment and point of view would lead to such a situation, given equivalent intelligence? How do they navigate their universe so successfully?
Unfortunately most of the research I've read in this area has focused on what people like this can't do relative to our framework, and hasn't been especially curious about what we can't do relative to theirs.
We’ll, there’s some evidence octopi and squid can count. If so then at least there’s some elementary maths in common. There’s no reason to suppose super intelligent cephalopod creatures would have particular difficulty with things like natural numbers, for all their different experience of the world. Two shrimp plus two shrimp is still the same amount of food as one shrimp plus three shrimp, no matter how many arms you have.
