Not quite. It’s pretty rare to be jumping off and standing on top of moving physics objects in 2D platformers. Like in Mario almost everything you can stand on is static or following a fixed movement pattern.
I'm also wracking my brain for this situation in one of the many metroidvanias I've played. There are many which let the player freeze enemies so they can be used as platforms but the enemies are also not moving by that point.
The most likely I can think of is Axiom Verge, which has a mechanism for "glitching" enemies that might allow for a non-frozen enemy to be used as a platform while it continues to follow the player character around. I'm not totally familiar with how each enemy glitches so it's only "likely" in the sense that I don't know it's definitely not possible.
Physics objects are generally poor fits for 2D platformers. They’re random which betrays slick level design (and endangers sequence breaks in some games). They probably fall too fast to interact with. They potentially accumulate. 2D platformer characters tend to not experience physics aside from gravity to begin with and sliding momentum as they usually cannot rotate and don’t expect to encounter forces from collisions.
Can Mario fall into a thrown ice block and acquire its velocity while it’s moving midair without pushing the block down? I think he can technically. But it doesn’t show up as something you should expect to interact with. Maybe sliding along a surface but that’s barely a physics object.
