In my experience units of measure in technical apps is only interesting in the UI layer as most apps I’ve worked on have a “base” system of units that all calcs are expecting. What alternate experience have you seen?
Units of measure in F# are useful for more than unit conversion workloads.
They are compile-time type information with no runtime overhead. So if you're using a lot of interrelated arrays, you can make a unit of measure for indices into just a specific type of array. This allows type-level enforcement of never using the wrong index for the wrong array.
Anywhere you might want to keep categories (not category theory) of numeric values distinct from one another without intermixing, units of measure in F# can cover you.