The phone network already needs to know where your phone is to be able to route incoming calls.
Also, I don't get how the situation with your home internet connection changes much. Your ISP knows exactly where you are because your house doesn't move.
The phone network has a low-resolution triangulation. It does not have high-precision GPS, potentially augmented by WiFi and bluetooth. And it doesn't sell its signaling data to anyone and everyone. Equivocating smartphone tracking with cell tower pinging is disingenuous.
Also, I don't get how the situation with your home internet connection changes much. Your ISP knows exactly where you are because your house doesn't move.