This is a rather low effort post. PHP The Right Way [1] already covers the basics of modern PHP, without turning into a laundry list.
Today the most important thing is Composer, not frameworks, especially to those who are just starting out. Learning a full framework is pointless if they just want to see the basics in action. Fabien Potencier's Create your own framework series [2] is really good for this: it shows how much you can do with just a couple of Symfony components and a front controller.
This is certainly also the most important thing for existing PHP developers still hanging on to the "old" way of writing PHP code. Having worked on sites where everything is an undocumented mess of manual multi-level includes with shared globals and half-baked implementations of things which already exist, in a better form, well tested and documented elsewhere, I feel like I need to shout from the rooftops php has a package manager! f_ing use it! and url routers are a thing now!
It really is surpising how far you can get with a little effort now in PHP, and how much suffering you can avoid by just letting go (of what, admittedly, makes the language fun for some - it's raw, ugly, stupid simple quick-and-dirty hackability) and embracing structure. And open source code.
Today the most important thing is Composer, not frameworks, especially to those who are just starting out. Learning a full framework is pointless if they just want to see the basics in action. Fabien Potencier's Create your own framework series [2] is really good for this: it shows how much you can do with just a couple of Symfony components and a front controller.
[1]: http://www.phptherightway.com/
[2]: http://fabien.potencier.org/article/53/create-your-own-frame...